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In the era of artificial intelligence based on big data， data acquisition， storage and processing are more convenient， which provides a guarantee for accelerating the development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， but it has not yet achieved organic integration with TCM theory. Based on preliminary research on the supramolecular "Qi chromatography" theory of TCM， combined with the current development trend of artificial intelligence， this paper analyzed the biological intelligence attribute of the function of TCM supramolecular "imprinting template"， in order to provide reference for the development of TCM drug innovation. Both the human body and Chinese materia medica are giant complex supramolecular bodies evolved from natural organisms. According to the "imprinting template"， the "social molecules" are controlled step by step to form the meridians and viscera. The interaction produces the original theory of TCM， in which the self-recognition， self-assembly， self-organization and self-replication of the "imprinting template" reflect the "intelligence" function attributes：the human body uses the "imprinting template" to self-identify and sense the ingredients of TCM， and store the memory information database in the meridian and collateral organs in the form of "imprinting template"， and then pass the "imprinting template". The comparison， analysis， and judgment of imprinting templates guide the self-assembly， self-organization and self-replication among "molecular society"， synthesize biological machines， produce biological functions， repair or strengthen biological supramolecular bodies， and present the most basic "intelligence" attribute. This suggests that the theory of theory-method-prescription-medicine of TCM is the weak embodiment of biological "intelligence"， while the human brain function is the strong embodiment of biological "intelligence". Since the intelligent function of supramolecular "imprinting template" runs through the natural world， artificial intelligence that can characterize the strong "intelligence" form of the human brain will also be integrated into all aspects of the natural world， suggesting the development direction of "intelligence" functionalization of drug innovation mode.
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Exosomes are lipid bilayer membranous vesicles actively secreted by various cells in the organism， which are like nanoparticles and have messenger targeting. Combining with the theory of supramolecular "Qi chromatography" of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， research ideas and strategies of modernization of TCM can be constructed. Exosomes are secreted by cells， and the membrane contains nucleic acids， proteins， lipids and small molecular metabolites and others， which can accurately coordinate the functions of each cell， concentrate and transmit the functional information of the parent cell， and is the concise form of reflecting cell functions. At the same time， it is loaded with the "imprinted templates" of the supramolecular "Qi chromatography" theory of TCM. If the "imprinted templates" carrying rules among the gene-protein-lipid-small molecules wrapped in it is studied， the modern experimental research ideas and strategies of TCM theory can be established for revealing the functions of the body's meridians and viscera. Firstly， the present situation of exosomes， including discovery， secretion， characteristics， functions， attribution， uptake， research methods and application status， were reviewed in this paper. And the natural properties of its precise messenger targeted delivery vehicle were elaborated， reflecting the operation law of microscopic substances in meridians and viscera. Secondly， to explore it as an important carrier of the concentrated "imprinted templates" of the supramolecular "Qi chromatography" theory of TCM， and integrating the research methods of exosomes and supramolecular chemistry of TCM， this paper proposes experimental research ideas and strategies on the microscopic material basis of meridians and viscera， compatibility of TCM compound， and targeting of TCM targeted preparations.
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The present work is to analyze the HPLC fingerprints of mulberry-sourced materials(Mori Ramulus, Mori Folium, Muri Cortex, Mori Fructus) using the fingerprint division total statistical moment method and information entropy, and to study the diffe-rences of the chemical components and the overall characteristics of the imprinting template in different parts of mulberry-sourced medicinal materials, so as to provide the basis for finding the effective substances in response to "homologous and different effect" of mulberry(Morus alba). The fingerprints of 24 batches of mulberry-related materials, such as Mori Ramulus, Mori Folium, Muri Cortex, Mori Fructus, were established, and the similarities and differences of the fingerprints were analyzed by calculating the division total statistical moment parameters and information entropy. The AUC_T, MCRT_T, VCRT_T and H values of 24 batches of mulberry-sourced materials were less than 0.05, with significant difference. Among them, all samples showed absorption peaks within 3-11, and 20-24 min, indicating that the four types had the identical or similar chemical composition in the same time period. After 34 min, none of the four types showed absorption peaks. Greater VCRT_T value of the fingerprints of the four kinds was observed at the retention time ranges of 3-4, 16-18, 25-27, and 31-32 min, indicating that the components of the four kinds were significantly different in these time periods; and VCRT_T value of the mulberry was significantly higher than that of the other three kinds of medicinal materials at the retention time windows of 3-4 and 15-17 min; the VCRT_T value of the mulberry white skin was significantly higher at the time windows of 8-10 and 28-30 min; the VCRT_T value of all four kinds was significantly higher within 21-23 min, indicating that the four herbs contain the same or similar components in the chromatogram during this period, but there may be significant differences between the content and the proportion. In addition, the information entropy of mulberry branches is the largest at 7-12, 23-27 min, and that of mulberry fruits is the largest at 2-8 min, which indicates that the components of mulberry branches and mulberry fruits respond greatly in the corresponding period of time, which is also the main peak period of their chemical components. For the chemical components and corresponding efficacy here. The results showed that there are significant differences in the components and contents of mulberry-sourced medicinal materials. The division total statistical moment and information entropy of the total amount of segments can be used to analyze the differences in the components of "homology and different effects", which could provide a more comprehensive analysis method for the determination of quality markers.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Entropy , Fruit , Morus , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
Under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， charcoal drugs are widely used in clinical treatment of various bleeding syndromes， in addition， they also have the effect in anti-diarrhea and anti-ulcer， but charcoal drugs are especially effective in stopping bleeding. According to the changes in the properties after processing， the hemostatic effect of charcoal drugs can be roughly divided into two categories. One is not used for hemostasis itself， but used for hemostasis after processing. The other is used for hemostasis itself， and the drug properties are changed or the hemostatic ability is enhanced after processing. By summarizing researches on historical evolution， processing mechanism and pharmacological effects of the commonly used hemostatic charcoal drugs， the author found that preservation or increase of active substances after processing was closely related to the hemostatic effect of charcoal drugs. The hemostatic mechanism mainly involves the influence of coagulation system and platelet function， etc. At the same time， combined with the theory of Qi chromatograph of TCM supramolecular， this paper puts forward the supramolecular research strategy on hemostatic mechanism of charcoal drugs， in order to provide reference for revealing the scientific connotation of charcoal drugs for hemostasis.
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Objective:To construct the targeting evaluation method of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） preparations based on supramolecular Qi chromatography theory， and to study the liver targeting effect of Bupleuri Radix on Pien Tze Huang. Method:The molecular connectivity index （MCI） was used to analyze the characteristics of imprinted template and liver targeting tendency of TCM mainly attributed to liver meridian and components of Pien Tze Huang， and combined with target dynamics and total statistical moment principle， aimed at the independent action characteristics of multi-component imprinted template of TCM， a method for evaluating the targeting of TCM preparations was established. Hepatoma rats in Pien Tze Huang group， Bupleuri Radix<italic> </italic>group， Pien Tze Huang+Bupleuri Radix group and blank group were tested and verified. Result:After the average value of MCI of TCM mainly attributed to liver meridian was deducted， the MCI similarity between Pien Tze Huang group and Bupleuri Radix group was 0.376 8， Pien Tze Huang+Bupleuri Radix group and Bupleuri Radix group was 0.988 2， so it was predicted that Bupleuri Radix could enhance the liver targeting of Pien Tze Huang. A system for evaluating the targeting of TCM compounds was established， including relative total uptake efficiency （RUE<sub>T</sub>）， relative total concentration （RC<sub>T</sub>）， relative imprinted tendency （RIT<sub>T</sub>） and relative imprinted variance （RIV<sub>T</sub>）. The RUE<sub>T</sub> and RC<sub>T</sub> of liver were the highest in all tissues （RUE<sub>T</sub>=1.88>1，RC<sub>T</sub><italic>=</italic>2.30>1）， and the corresponding values of other tissues were all <1， indicating that Pien Tze Huang combined with Bupleuri Radix could increase its distribution in liver and enhance liver targeting. Except for plasma， the RIT<sub>T</sub> and RIV<sub>T</sub> of other tissues fluctuated around 1.0， indicating that targeted modification did not change imprinted tendency of Pien Tze Huang and had no significant effect on the types of components. Conclusion:Under the guidance of supramolecular Qi chromatography theory， a targeting evaluation parameter system can be established to characterize the multi-component imprinted effect of TCM preparations by MCI and total statistical moment parameters， so as to realize the evaluation of targeting of TCM preparations. The addition of Bupleuri Radix can increase the liver targeting of Pien Tze Huang.
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The application of modern scientific theories and technologies to explore the mechanism of Chinese medicine and its compounds is one of the key issues in realizing the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research. Chinese medicine and its compounds produce comprehensive pharmacodynamics through multiple components acting on multiple targets， the core of clarifying the mechanism is to solve the key scientific problems of static correlation and dynamic integration verification between the components and the target network topology. At present， the effective method to clarify the mechanism of Chinese medicine and its compounds is to statically correlate the topological network of in vitro components and targets through network pharmacology. Although there are also component-target verification studies， they often learn from research idea of single component-single target， it is urgent to establish a quantitative integration and overall verification method that conforms to the characteristics of TCM. According to supramolecular Qi chromatography theory of TCM， the microscopic mechanism of interaction between Chinese medicine and human body is actually the two supramolecular host and object groups （the active ingredient group of Chinese medicine and the target group of human body） based on imprinted template， which shows the macroscopic properties and pharmacodynamics. Based on this， the author proposes to use supramolecular Qi chromatography theory as the guidance， combined with supramolecular chemistry， network dynamics， quantitative pharmacology and other methods to quantitatively integrate and verify the compositions and the target groups with imprinted template as the core predicted by network pharmacology， looking for the optimal quality markers， greatly reducing the difficulty of multi-component-multi-target experimental verification of Chinese medicine and its compounds.
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Zhenwutang is the classic formula of Wenyang Lishui in " <italic>Treatise on Febrile Diseases</italic>" . It consists of five kinds of medicines, namely Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, Paeoniae Radix Alba or Paeoniae Radix Rubra. It has been included in the <italic>Catalogue of Ancient Classics</italic> (<italic>The First Batch</italic>) issued by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018.There are two articles in the " <italic>Treatise on Febrile Disease</italic>s" about the syndromes of Zhenwutang. On the basis of Article 82 of the Chapter of Taiyang disease, the Taiyang disease is demonstrated by sweating, but after that the patient still suffers from fever, epigastric throb, dizziness and shiver, this shall be treated with Zhenwutang. According to Article 316 of the chapter of Shaoyin disease, Shaoyin disease lasts for two or three days, until the fourth and fifth days, and is demonstrated by abdominal pain, difficult urination, severe pain in the limbs and diarrhea, the patient have a cough, diuresis, diarrhea and vomit, this shall be treated with Zhenwutang. The original texts discuss the basic pathogenesis is edema syndrome due to Yin and Yang deficiency, with symptoms of unfavorable urination, heavy limbs or edema, pale tongue, white moss and heavy pulse as dialectical points. In terms of the compatibility of prescriptions, usage and dosage, and the interpretation of prescriptions, this paper examines Zhenwutang syndromes in " Treatise on Febrilediseases" , summarizes the material basic research of Zhenwutang, and provides the basis for the quality control of its compound pharmacodynamics. This study summarizes the progress of pharmacological research for Zhenwutang in recent years, finds that Zhenwutang has many efficacies, such as cardiotonic, diuretic, lowering lipid, anti-oxidation, improving renal function and balancing of water and liquid metabolism, lists traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes treated with Zhenwutang, such as heart palpitations, edema, cough, abdominal pain, sipping, dizziness, and Western medicine diseases, like congestive heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, bronchial asthma, chronic colitis, cirrhosis, ascites, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure, benign prostatic hyperplasia and Meniere's syndrome, expounds the principle of Zhenwutang for " treating different diseases with the same therapy" , in order to provide useful reference for the research and development and clinical application of Zhenwutang and more classic prescriptions.
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At present, the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is rampant all over the country, and controlling the spread of its epidemic has become a top priority. It is very difficult to control the epidemic spreading because there is no specific drug to fight against it. Therefore, it is urgent task for us to develop a specific drug as soon as possible, and attracting worldwide attention. The studies on anti-2019-nCoV drugs were generally carried out in three modes, as vaccine, chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Because the developing on vaccines and chemicals takes too long, it is hard to solve the urgent problem. Moreover, the RNA of coronavirus has been recombined so quickly that the vaccines and drugs studied with great efforts not only may miss the epidemic time, but also cannot be used in the next generation of new coronavirus treatment, as a result that the work of epidemic prevention is formidable. However, the prescriptions from traditional Chinese medicine theory can cure the epidemic disease, but how to develop it into a specific drug with clear chemical composition and clear pharmacologic mechanism, is also an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the new coronavirus and its drug development are reviewed, while the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and the drug dilemma research phenomenon is clarified by using the supramolecular “qi chromatography” theory. It is suggested that the strategy of anti-coronavirus drug developing should be put forward based on the impact of “qi chromatography” of biological supramolecular “imprinting template”, in order to develop new drugs against 2019-nCoV to control the spread of the epidemic as quick as we can, and establish a new research and development model of anti-coronavirus drug on integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, turning passive into active.
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Based on the current situation and development trend of the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, combined with three major frontier scientific problems and three major engineering and technical problems needed to be solved, the crux of the modernization problem of TCM was identified, the way to solve the modernization problem of TCM was put forward, and the decisive role of supramolecular "qi chromatography" theory of TCM in cracking these problems was elaborated. The human body and Chinese materia medica are observed clearly in the long history of biological evolution in nature, while supramolecular chemistry has played an important role in analyzing the evolutionary trajectory of life and tracing the origin of TCM theory. In the long process of biological evolution in nature, all kinds of molecules in nature follow supramolecular chemistry, forming supramolecular bodies according to "imprinted template" step by step, from simple to complex, from inanimate inorganic complexes to living enzyme systems, from single simple molecules to complex supramolecular machines, through which the interaction of the biological molecules runs in the chain of organisms composed of supramolecular bodies. Meridians, which are the result of the orderly arrangement of the "imprinted template" channel structure step by step, are the basic form to control molecules. Under the impetus of human heart beating, the small molecules substances dissolved in blood migrate into and act on according to the "imprinting template" embed in main macromolecule of meridians and viscera. It shows the anisotropy of the action of meridians and viscera on small molecules, that is visceral phenomena, on which the essential of life science and the original theory of "principle", "method", "prescription" and "medicine" for TCM will be clarified. Major scientific and engineering problems of TCM will be solved on the basis of supramolecular chemistry, and the basic theory of TCM will be reconstructed and modernized into a union with contemporary medicine.
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In this paper, based on the supramolecular "Qi chromatography" of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), combined with the characteristics of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the historical origin and characteristics of theoretical research on the treatment of epidemic diseases by TCM were analyzed retrospectively, and the key scientific problems for achieving its modernization were proposed, and the countermeasures were illustrated. In fact, the emergence and development history of TCM epidemic theory is a comprehensive and scientific understanding of biomolecular chemistry for epidemic caused by pathogen. From the exploration of the cause of abnormal Qi to the epidemic pathogenic factor, from the treatment based on syndrome differentiation by six meridians to by the defensive Qi and nutrient blood and the triple energizer, which is gradually close to the modern theoretical system of infectious diseases and immunology, all of which are stamped with brand of TCM supramolecular "Qi chromatography" theory. In the long history of biological evolution in nature, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as epidemic pathogenic factor in TCM, human body and Chinese materia medica are biological supramolecules at a specific stage of evolution in nature, which are controlled by the "imprinting templates" of molecular society in gradual biomolecules, with the unchanged laws of mutual advancement, mutation, suitability and mutual restriction. Based on the analysis of the law of supramolecular action hiding in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases dealt with TCM on procession of principle-method-recipe-medicines, this paper discusses the key scientific problems of its modernization and puts forward the solutions. It can not only clarify the scientific principle of the prevention and treatment with TCM, develop the multi-component Chinese medicine, accelerate the control of the epidemic situation, but also promote the solution of original frontier key scientific problems such as the material basis of meridians, viscera and syndromes, and the compatibility law of the TCM prescription, in order to protect the existing medical resources and open up a new situation in the modernization of TCM research.
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The safety of traditional Chinese medicine is affected by many factors, and the influence of exogenous harmful substances has been concerned and become a hot spot in recent years, especially heavy metals, pesticide residues and some other harmful substances. In order to explore the effects of non-soil and non-pesticide treatment on residues of these two harmful substances, the heavy metals and agricultural residues of Lilii Bulbus were detected, and the correlation of the data was analyzed. In this experiment, heavy metals and pesticide residues of Scrophulariae Radix were detected, and correlation analysis was conducted for their data. The mechanism of transport phase was interpreted with statistical moment similarity tool of total fingerprint by supramolecular chemistry theory. A large number of experimental data in this paper showed that heavy metals and pesticide contents in Lilii Bulbus basaltifolia had a positive correlation, which was closely related to supramolecular phenomena. Moreover, the similarity of fingerprints between Lilii Bulbus and Scrophulariae Radix suggested that Lilii Bulbus and Scrophulariae Radixa had a high selectivity in absorption of agricultural residues, which proved that the absorption of pesticides in Lilii Bulbus and Scrophulariae Radix from different habitats had the function of supramolecular imprinting template. It was considered that medicinal plant was a giant complex supramolecule with various levels of " imprinted template" . Heavy metals and agricultural residues were also involved in plant growth, forming an " imprinted template" for the formation of supramolecules between agricultural residues and heavy metals. After heavy metals and agricultural residues formed supramolecules, their liposolubility and permeability changed in varying degrees, and their transport in medicinal plants was promoted. Finally, the heavy metal supramolecules of pesticides were absorbed, distributed, aggregated and accumulated in plants. The purpose of the study was to reveal the mechanism of heavy metal and pesticide supramolecule transport, provide a new direction for the treatment of heavy metals and pesticide residues, and ensure the safety of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Objective:The molecular connectivity index method and total statistical moment method were used to control the quality of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and the stability and consistency of volatile components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were clarified. Method:Volatile oils in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos from different producing areas was extracted for GC-MS determination with electron bombardment ion source， ion source temperature of 230 ℃， and detection range of m/z 35-650. Then National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） 05 and ChemicalBook database were used for qualitative analysis of these volatile components， the peak area normalization method was used for quantitative analysis， and the total statistical moment parameters and the zero-order， first-order， second-order， third-order molecular connectivity indexes of the components were calculated. Result:Number of peaks （RSD were 28.5%， 33.4%， respectively）， total zero-order moments （RSD were 55.5%， 128.9%， respectively） and total second-order moments （RSD were 15.3%， 21.5%， respectively） of 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were unstable， indicating that the types and contents of volatile components fluctuated sharply， but the total first-order moments （RSD were 7.5%， 8.8%， respectively） and the zero-order， first-order， second-order and third-order molecular connectivity indexes （RSD ranged from 8.1% to 10.3% and 4.2% to 5.5%， respectively） were relatively stable， indicating that the overall "imprinting template" of the components was similar. Statistical analysis of each parameter found that there were no significant differences in the number of peaks， total first-order moments and zero-order， first-order， second-order， third-order molecular connectivity indexes between volatile oils from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. Conclusion:Under the guidance of supramolecular gas evolution "imprinting template" theory， the molecular connectivity index method and total statistical moment parameters are used to jointly characterize the "imprinting template" of TCM components in vitro， which can control the stability and consistency of TCM quality.
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Research and development of classical prescription of Chinese medicine has become one of the hot spots in the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and the successful development of the primary standard is crucial to the application of the classical prescription of Chinese medicine. Primary standard of classical prescription is not only the benchmark to measure the quality of preparation of classical prescription, but also the material basis of whole prescription. The development and quality control mode of single component of western medicine is not suitable for the development of TCM preparation with integral medicinal function. Thus, it is very urgent to develop an exclusive research and development model for TCM. In order to break through the quality control technology of primary standard of classical prescription, and comprehensively and accurately elucidate the transmission rule of the component group value of medicinal materials-decoction pieces-primary standard of classical prescription with the present modern science and technology, the genetic polymorphism of TCM, extraction kinetics, total quantum statistical moment (similarity) method of fingerprint and supramolecular imprinting template were combined and applied to the development of primary standard of classical prescription. In this way, the development and quality control of TCM will be realized in a real sense and the development of classical prescription of Chinese medicine will be accelerated and promoted.
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Objective:To establish a mathematical model of total statistical moment, information amount and one-time steady-state feeding quantity of HPLC fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their classical prescriptions, and to carry out experimental verification. Method:The total statistical moment principle, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle and one-time steady-state feeding quantity calculation method were used to study the total statistical moment parameters and one-time steady-state feeding quantity of 15 batches of original medicinal materials, decoction pieces and compound preparations of Taohong Siwutang, these original medicinal materials were from three producing areas. Result:In addition to the total first-order moment, RSD of total zero-order moment, total second-order moment, information entropy and information amount of each medicinal material, decoction piece and compound were all greater than 10%. In the case of single original medicinal material, except for Angelicae Sinensis Radix (142.34 kg), the one-time steady-state feeding quantity calculated according to the RSD change of the accumulated information amount of the whole prescription was the largest (59.10 kg), and according to ratio of the whole prescription, one-time steady-state feeding quantity was the largest (958.57 kg). In the case of processed products, the one-time steady-state feeding quantity of the whole prescription was the largest (73.18 kg) except for Carthami Flos processed with wine (83.28 kg), while according to the whole prescription, one-time steady-state feeding quantity of each processed products was the same as that of the original medicinal material. The one-time steady-state feeding quantity of the compound consisted of the original medicinal materials or processed products was often higher than that of the single medicinal material. Conclusion:The components of TCM are controlled by genetic polymorphism, the chromatographic characteristics (types of components) of Chinese medicine is similar and the intensity of action (content of components) is different. The stability of total first-order moment and information entropy indicates that the overall chemical structure of TCM multi-component system has a stable imprinting trend. The one-time steady-state feeding quantities of each medicinal material in Taohong Siwutang and this compound are far greater than the prescription amount, which can provide reference for the industrial production.
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Objective:The homogeneity regularity of "imprinting templates" of compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) was revealed, which provided the basis for effectively controlling the quality of compound preparation of TCM, by clarifying the dynamic changeability in number and content of volatile ingredients in different batches of Houttuyniae Herba. Method:The volatile oil of Houttuyniae Herba was extracted by steam distillation.The volatile components in 11 batches of Houttuyniae Herba were determined by GC-MS(electron ionization, ion source temperature of 230℃, detection range of m/z 40-500) combined with literature and ChemicalBook database.The relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method and analyzed by the total quantum statistical moments of fingerprint. Result:There were only 15 common ingredients in the volatile oil from 11 batches of Houttuyniae Herba, accounting for 3.35%of total number and 73.94%of total content, while the number of non-common ingredients was 433, accounting for 96.65%of total number.However, the RSD of total quantum first moment of GC-MS fingerprint was 6.8%, the RSD of total quantum second moment was 14.8%(RSD of standard deviation was 7.4%), and the RSD of similarity of total quantum statistical moment was 3.8%.The type and content of volatile ingredients in Houttuyniae Herba were heterogeneous, but their chromatographic behavior of GC-MS fingerprint was uniform, the whole "imprinting templates" was similar. Conclusion:The total quantum statistical moment(similarity) of TCM fingerprint is applicable to quality control of dynamic Chinese medicines, which will play a breakthrough role in the study of homogeneity and stability of material reference and compound preparation for ancient classical formulas.
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The ancient famous classical formulas were developed based on the characteristics of excellent curative effect, small toxic and side effects, and wide clinical application. Its development will promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with huge social and economic benefits. TCM and TCM compounds are multi-component systems, which are multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway effect on human body, their curative effect is the result of synergistic effect of multi-component. Because of its characteristics, its mechanism of action is still unclear and quality is difficult to control. Therefore, on the basis of biological properties of the multi-components of TCM, it is the key issue to study the preparation process of the medicinal materials-decoction pieces-preparations and the transferability, stability and homogeneity of the quality attributes. Moreover, the supramolecular theory can explain the basic theory of TCM from the macroscopic and microscopic aspects, the study of ancient famous classical formulas can use the supramolecular theory. Both TCM and human body are giant complex supramolecules, and their components are clustered objects reflecting the characteristics of the original imprinting template with genetic polymorphism. The quality attributes, processing, formulation preparation and quality attribute evaluation of TCM are all affected by supramolecular chemistry, which is finally reflected in the preparation of imprinting template and the transfer law of quality properties. Therefore, the application of supramolecular imprinting template theory to study the biogenetic polymorphism of TCM, processing, formulation preparation and quality attribute evaluation of medicinal materials can improve the availability rate of successful research and development of ancient famous classical formulas.
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Objective: To evaluate the HPLC fingerprints of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos by total statistical moment analysis,in order to provide a basis for studying the nature of the "heterologous effect" phenomenon. Method: HPLC fingerprints of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were established,and the statistical moment parameters and similarity were evaluated by total statistical moment method. Result: According to the total statistical moment parameters of the 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos samples, RSDs of AUCT,λT, σT2 were 27.537%,1.685%,and 8.346%. According to the total statistical moment parameters of the 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos samples, RSDs of AUCT, λT, σT2 were 14.752%,2.155% and 2.882%. The similarity of 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos fingerprints was above 0.92,and the similarity of 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos were above 0.93. The 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos fingerprints were compared,and the similarity was above 0.84. Conclusion: According to the results,the similarity of the Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos fingerprints was very high,which indicated a similarity in chemical composition and composition ratio between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. This may be a prerequisite for the phenomenon of "heterologous effects".
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Objective: Based on the analysis of the total components of fingerprint and the determination methods of the existing components in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the "point-line-surface" quality standard of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang was established by the "point" of each single component (morroniside, loganin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid and verbascoside) to the "line" of multicomponent and the "face" of fingerprint of the whole component. Method: XB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used for gradient elution of 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile. The column temperature was 30℃, the injection volume was 10 μL, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelengths were 240, 316, 230, 334 nm. The contents of these five components in Yangjing Zhongyu Tang were determined by three correction methods, external standard method and regression equation method. At the same time, the fingerprint of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang were analyzed by total component analysis and similarity evaluation. Result: With ferulic acid as reference, the relative correction factor (f) of morroniside, loganin, paeoniflorin and verbascoside were 0.392 1, 0.421 4, 0.261 7, 0.268 6 by multi-point correction method, and their f (slope correction method) were 0.385 4, 0.419 4, 0.255 9, 0.274 0, respectively. Twenty characteristic peaks of fingerprint were analyzed and the similarity was ≥ 0.999.There was no significant difference in the contents of these five components from Yangjing Zhongyu Tang determined by the quantitative assay of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) correction method, the external standard method and the regression equation method. Conclusion: The comprehensive quality standard established by the total component analysis of fingerprint combined with various determination methods of existing components in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has been validated in famous classical formula of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang, which can provide ideas and methods for the quality control with quantitative determination and fingerprint of other famous classical formulas.
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This paper discussed the processing methods of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the successive dynasties by consulting ancient and modern books, literature and related codes. The processing methods of Pinelliae Rhizoma has experienced various historical periods. Since the processing method of Pinelliae Rhizoma processed by slicing appeared in the Huangdi Neijing, there have been a series of different processing methods and requirements are founded, such as cleansing, cutting, decocting and so on. Among them, the raw Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine are still in use today and are widely used. However, there are differences in the processing methods, accessories and their dosages of these various processed products in different dynasty. The processing technology and quality standard of Pinelliae Rhizoma need to be further standardization.
ABSTRACT
Yangjing Zhongyu Tang, from FU Qing-zhu Nvke, is a famous classical formula of clinical value for treating blood deficiency syndrome of female infertility in the Qing dynasty. The prescription seems plain, but it is rigorous and effective with high research value. In this paper, the ancient books and modern documents of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang were analyzed from the aspects of traceability of Chinese materia medica in the formula, pharmacological research, clinical research, etc. It could be concluded that the pharmacological studies of this formula were mostly to investigate the mechanism and efficacy of its treatment for infertility, but there was a lack of comprehensive interpretation of the structure, function and principle of pharmacodynamic substance in this formula. In this paper, combined with the contents of supramolecular imprinting template and network pharmacology, the new direction of pharmacological research of Chinese medicine compound was put forward. Quality control of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang mostly based on small molecule compounds, so it was suggested to break the inherent thinking, and increase the detection of macromolecule compounds and supramolecular of Chinese materia medica. The druggability of this formula involved in the preliminary study of decoctions, plasters and granules. Considering the quality stability of Chinese materia medica in the formula and the scientificity of druggability of this formula, the compatibility principle of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern supramolecular chemistry theory could be combined to study the change law of druggability of TCM before and after compatibility, so as to provide new reference materials for the follow-up clinical application and development of Yangjing Zhongyu Tang.